rlcutil.h File Reference

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include "rldefine.h"

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Functions
int	rlSetDebugPrintf (int state)
int	rlDebugPrintf (const char *format,...)
int	rlInputAvailable ()
int	rlLastLinePrintf (const char *format,...)
int	rlexec (const char *command)
const char *	rlpass (const char *p)
char *	rlstrncpy (char *dest, const char *source, int n)
char *	rlstrlinecpy (char *dest, const char *source, int n)
int	rlvsnprintf (char *text, int len, const char *format, va_list ap)
int	rlsnprintf (char *text, int len, const char *format,...)
void	rlSetSigtermHandler (void(*handler)(void *arg), void *arg)
const char *	rlFindFile (const char *pattern, int *context)
const char *	rlGetInifile (const char *name)
int	rlSwapShort (int val)
int	rlEib1 (int command)
int	rlEib2 (int command)
int	rlLon1 (int command)
int	rlLon2 (int command)
int	rlProfibus1 (int command)
int	rlProfibus2 (int command)
int	rlCan1 (int command)
int	rlCan2 (int command)
int	rlBrowser (const char *htmlfile)
int	rlsystem (const char *command)
int	rlSubmitPvserver (const char *env, const char *path, const char *pvs, const char *options=NULL)
int	rlOption (const char *string, const char *option)
int	rlIntOption (const char *string, const char *option, int _default)
float	rlFloatOption (const char *string, const char *option, float _default)
const char *	rlTextOption (const char *string, const char *option, const char *_default)
int	rlCopyTextfile (const char *source, const char *destination)
int	rlupper (char *str)
int	rllower (char *str)
int	rlStartsWith (const char *str, const char *startstr)
int	rlEndsWith (const char *str, const char *endstr)
int	rlStrMatch (const char *str, const char *wild)
int	rlStat (const char *filepath, struct stat *buf)
int	rlFRead (FILE *fin, void *data, int len)
int	rlFWrite (FILE *fout, void *data, int len)
int	rlWriteFile (const char *filename, void *data, int len)
int	rlMkdir (const char *dir, int mode=0744)
int	rlBitSet (int bitnumber, int *value)
int	rlBitClear (int bitnumber, int *value)
int	rlBitChange (int bitnumber, int *value)
int	rlBitTest (int bitnumber, int *value)
void	rlPushToDoubleBuffer (double val, double *buffer, int size)
void	rlPushToFloatBuffer (float val, float *buffer, int size)

Function Documentation

rlBitChange()

int rlBitChange	(	int	bitnumber,
		int *	value
	)

XOR bit bitnumber in value
Return value

Definition at line 861 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int bit = 1 << bitnumber;
  *value = *value ^ bit;
  return *value;
}

rlBitClear()

int rlBitClear	(	int	bitnumber,
		int *	value
	)

Clear bit bitnumber in value
Return value

Definition at line 853 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int bit = 1 << bitnumber;
  bit = ~bit;
  *value = *value & bit;
  return *value;
}

rlBitSet()

int rlBitSet	(	int	bitnumber,
		int *	value
	)

Set bit bitnumber in value
Return value

Definition at line 846 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int bit = 1 << bitnumber;
  *value = *value | bit;
  return *value;
}

rlBitTest()

int rlBitTest	(	int	bitnumber,
		int *	value
	)

Test bit bitnumber in value
Return 0 | 1

Definition at line 868 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int bit = 1 << bitnumber;
  if(*value & bit) return 1;
  return 0;
}

rlBrowser()

int rlBrowser

(

const char *

htmlfile

)

Call internet browser

Definition at line 613 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char buf[4096];
  int ret = 0;

#ifdef RLUNIX
  sprintf(buf,"konqueror %s &", htmlfile);
  ret = system(buf);
#endif
#ifdef RLWIN32
  if(get_iexplore(buf) < 0) return -1;
  strcat(buf," ");
  strcat(buf,htmlfile);
  ret = mysystem(buf);
#endif
  return ret;
}//------------------------------------------------------------------------

rlCan1()

int rlCan1

(

int

command

)

Definition at line 429 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char buf[80];

  sprintf(buf,"buscommand -can1 %d",command);
  return system(buf);
}

rlCan2()

int rlCan2

(

int

command

)

Definition at line 437 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char buf[80];

  sprintf(buf,"buscommand -can2 %d",command);
  return system(buf);
}

rlCopyTextfile()

int rlCopyTextfile	(	const char *	source,
		const char *	destination
	)

Copy a Textfile (no binary file)

Definition at line 696 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  FILE *fin, *fout;

  if(source == NULL || destination == NULL) return -1;
  fin = fopen(source,"r");
  if(fin == NULL)
  {
    printf("rlCopyTextfile: could not read %s\n",source);
    return -1;
  }
  fout = fopen(destination,"w");
  if(fout == NULL)
  {
    fclose(fin);
    printf("rlCopyTextfile: could not write %s\n",destination);
    return -1;
  }

  char *line = new char[256*256];
  while(fgets(line,sizeof(line)-1,fin) != NULL)
  {
    fprintf(fout,"%s",line);
  }
  delete [] line;

  fclose(fin);
  fclose(fout);
  return 0;
}

rlDebugPrintf()

int rlDebugPrintf	(	const char *	format,
			...
	)

Definition at line 61 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int ret;
  char message[rl_PRINTF_LENGTH]; // should be big enough
  
  if(rlDebugPrintfState == 0) return 0;
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap,format);
  ret = rlvsnprintf(message, rl_PRINTF_LENGTH - 1, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if(ret < 0) return ret;
  return printf("%s",message);
}

rlEib1()

int rlEib1

(

int

command

)

Send command to a bus system

Definition at line 381 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char buf[80];

  sprintf(buf,"buscommand -eib1 %d",command);
  return system(buf);
}

rlEib2()

int rlEib2

(

int

command

)

Definition at line 389 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char buf[80];

  sprintf(buf,"buscommand -eib2 %d",command);
  return system(buf);
}

rlEndsWith()

int rlEndsWith	(	const char *	str,
		const char *	endstr
	)

test if str ends with endstr

Definition at line 758 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int ret;
  if(str == NULL || endstr == NULL) return 0;
  int index = strlen(str) - strlen(endstr);
  if(index < 0) return 0;
  ret = strcmp(&str[index],endstr);
  if(ret == 0) return 1;
  return 0;
}

rlexec()

int rlexec

(

const char *

command

)

  call execvp(arg[0],arg) on unix

Definition at line 113 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char *buf;
  char *arg[512];
  int i,iarg,ret;

  buf = new char [strlen(command)+1];
  strcpy(buf,command);
  iarg = 0;
  i = 0;
  while(buf[i] != '\0')
  {
    if(buf[i] == '\"')
    {
      i++;
      arg[iarg++] = &buf[i];
      while(buf[i] != '\"' && buf[i] != '\0') i++;
      if(buf[i] == '\0') break;
      buf[i] = '\0';
    }
    else if(buf[i] != ' ' || i == 0)
    {
      arg[iarg++] = &buf[i];
      while(buf[i] != ' ' && buf[i] != '\0') i++;
      if(buf[i] == '\0') break;
      buf[i] = '\0';
    }
    i++;
  }
  arg[iarg] = NULL;

  ret = execvp(arg[0],arg);
  delete [] buf;
  return ret;
}

rlFindFile()

const char* rlFindFile	(	const char *	pattern,
		int *	context
	)

  context = 0 must be 0 on first call

Definition at line 275 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  static char freturn[512];

#ifdef RLUNIX
  static DIR *dirp;
  static struct dirent *dp;

  if(*context == 0) dirp = opendir(".");
  *context = 1;

  while((dp = readdir(dirp)) != NULL)
  {
    if(dp->d_name[0] == '.') ;
    else if(strstr(dp->d_name,pattern) != NULL)
    {
      strcpy(freturn,dp->d_name);
      return freturn;
    }
    else if(rlStrMatch(dp->d_name, pattern))
    {
      strcpy(freturn,dp->d_name);
      return freturn;
    }
  }
  closedir(dirp);
  return NULL;
#endif

#ifdef __VMS
  int i,ret;
  static char file[512] = "";
  static char wildcard[80];
  struct dsc$descriptor_s dwildcard;
  struct dsc$descriptor_s dfreturn;

  strcpy(wildcard,pattern);

  dwildcard.dsc$w_length  = strlen(wildcard);
  dwildcard.dsc$a_pointer = wildcard;
  dwildcard.dsc$b_dtype   = DSC$K_DTYPE_T;
  dwildcard.dsc$b_class   = DSC$K_CLASS_S;

  dfreturn.dsc$w_length  = sizeof(freturn);
  dfreturn.dsc$a_pointer = &freturn[0];
  dfreturn.dsc$b_dtype   = DSC$K_DTYPE_T;
  dfreturn.dsc$b_class   = DSC$K_CLASS_S;

  ret = LIB$FIND_FILE(&dwildcard,&dfreturn,context,0,0,0,0);
  if     (ret == RMS$_NMF)    return NULL; // no more files found
  else if(ret != RMS$_NORMAL) return NULL;
  else if(strcmp(freturn,file) == 0) { file[0] = '\0'; return NULL; }
  i=0;
  while(freturn[i] > ' ')i++;
  freturn[i] = '\0';
  return freturn;
#endif

#ifdef RLWIN32
  static WIN32_FIND_DATAA wfd;
  static HANDLE hFindFile;

  if(*context == 0) // find first
  {
    *context = 1;
    hFindFile = FindFirstFileA(pattern,&wfd);
    if(hFindFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)    return NULL;
    else                                     strcpy(freturn,(const char *) &wfd.cFileName);
  }
  else // subsequent find
  {
    if(FindNextFileA(hFindFile,&wfd) == TRUE) strcpy(freturn,(const char *) &wfd.cFileName);
    else                                   { FindClose(hFindFile); return NULL; }
  }
  return freturn;
#endif
}

rlFloatOption()

float rlFloatOption	(	const char *	string,
		const char *	option,
		float	_default
	)

Get option from string

Definition at line 655 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  const char *cptr;
  float ret;

  cptr = strstr(string,option);
  if(cptr == NULL) return def;

  cptr = strstr(cptr,"=");
  if(cptr == NULL) return def;

  sscanf(cptr,"=%f",&ret);
  return ret;
}

rlFRead()

int rlFRead	(	FILE *	fin,
		void *	data,
		int	len
	)

read data from file
return := number of bytes read | -1

Definition at line 809 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  if(fin == NULL) return -1;
  return fread(data,1,len,fin);
}

rlFWrite()

int rlFWrite	(	FILE *	fout,
		void *	data,
		int	len
	)

write data to file
return := number of bytes written | -1

Definition at line 815 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  if(fout == NULL) return -1;
  return fwrite(data,1,len,fout);
}

rlGetInifile()

const char* rlGetInifile

(

const char *

name

)

returns:
~/.name               on Linux/Unix
sys$login:name        on OpenVMS
USERPROFILE%\name    on Windows

Definition at line 354 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  static char buf[1024];

#ifdef RLUNIX
  strcpy(buf,getenv("HOME"));
  strcat(buf,"/.");
#endif
#ifdef __VMS
  strcpy(buf,"sys$login:");
#endif
#ifdef RLWIN32
  ExpandEnvironmentStringsA("%USERPROFILE%",buf,sizeof(buf)-1);
  if(strcmp(buf,"%USERPROFILE%") == 0) strcpy(buf,"C:");
  strcat(buf,"\\");;
#endif

  strcat(buf,name);
  return buf;
}

rlInputAvailable()

int rlInputAvailable

(

)

  test if input line is available
  #include <sys/select.h>

Definition at line 75 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  struct timeval timout;
  fd_set wset,rset,eset;
  int ret,maxfdp1;
  int s = 0;
  /* setup sockets to read */
  maxfdp1 = s+1;
  FD_ZERO(&rset);
  FD_SET (s,&rset);
  FD_ZERO(&wset);
  FD_ZERO(&eset);
  timout.tv_sec = 0;
  timout.tv_usec = 0;
  ret = ::select(maxfdp1,&rset,&wset,&eset,&timout);
  if(ret == 0) return 0; /* timeout */
  return 1;
}

rlIntOption()

int rlIntOption	(	const char *	string,
		const char *	option,
		int	_default
	)

Get option from string

Definition at line 640 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  const char *cptr;
  int ret;

  cptr = strstr(string,option);
  if(cptr == NULL) return def;

  cptr = strstr(cptr,"=");
  if(cptr == NULL) return def;

  sscanf(cptr,"=%d",&ret);
  return ret;
}

rlLastLinePrintf()

int rlLastLinePrintf	(	const char *	format,
			...
	)

  like printf in the last line of a terminal

Definition at line 94 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int ret,i;
  char message[rl_PRINTF_LENGTH]; // should be big enough
  
  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap,format);
  ret = rlvsnprintf(message, rl_PRINTF_LENGTH - 1, format, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  if(ret < 0) return ret;
  message[79] = '\0';
  printf("%c[80D",27); // move 80 columns left 
  printf("%s",message);
  for(i=strlen(message); i<80; i++) printf(" ");
  return 80;
}

rlLon1()

int rlLon1

(

int

command

)

Definition at line 397 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char buf[80];

  sprintf(buf,"buscommand -lon1 %d",command);
  return system(buf);
}

rlLon2()

int rlLon2

(

int

command

)

Definition at line 405 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char buf[80];

  sprintf(buf,"buscommand -lon2 %d",command);
  return system(buf);
}

rllower()

int rllower

(

char *

str

)

convert str to lower case

Definition at line 738 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  if(str == NULL) return -1;
  while(*str != '\0')
  {
    *str = tolower(*str);
    str++;
  }
  return 0;
}

rlMkdir()

int rlMkdir	(	const char *	dir,
		int	mode = 0744
	)

same as mkdir

Definition at line 834 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
#ifdef RLWIN32
  int ret = CreateDirectoryA(dir,NULL);
  if(ret) return 0;
  if(mode) return -1;
  return -1;
#else
  return mkdir(dir, mode);
#endif
}

rlOption()

int rlOption	(	const char *	string,
		const char *	option
	)

Get option from string
return = 0 # not found
return = 1 # found

Definition at line 631 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  const char *cptr;

  cptr = strstr(string,option);
  if(cptr == NULL) return 0;
  return 1;
}

rlpass()

const char* rlpass

(

const char *

p

)

  encode plain text password p

Definition at line 151 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  static char ret[4*16+8];
  char buf[80];
  int  i,val;

  ret[0] = '\0';
  for(i=0; p[i] != '\0' && i<=16; i++)
  {
    val = p[i] * 16;
    sprintf(buf,"%04X",val);
    strcat(ret,buf);
  }

  return ret;
}

rlProfibus1()

int rlProfibus1

(

int

command

)

Definition at line 413 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char buf[80];

  sprintf(buf,"buscommand -profibus1 %d",command);
  return system(buf);
}

rlProfibus2()

int rlProfibus2

(

int

command

)

Definition at line 421 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  char buf[80];

  sprintf(buf,"buscommand -profibus2 %d",command);
  return system(buf);
}

rlPushToDoubleBuffer()

void rlPushToDoubleBuffer	(	double	val,
		double *	buffer,
		int	size
	)

Push value to front of buffer.
Shift all other values.

Definition at line 875 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  if(size <= 0) return;
  for(int i=size; i>=2; i--) buffer[i-1] = buffer[i-2];
  buffer[0] = val;
}

rlPushToFloatBuffer()

void rlPushToFloatBuffer	(	float	val,
		float *	buffer,
		int	size
	)

Push value to front of buffer.
Shift all other values.

Definition at line 882 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  if(size <= 0) return;
  for(int i=size; i>=2; i--) buffer[i-1] = buffer[i-2];
  buffer[0] = val;
}

rlSetDebugPrintf()

int rlSetDebugPrintf

(

int

state

)

Some C functions.

  like printf for debugging 

Definition at line 54 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  if(state == 0) rlDebugPrintfState = 0;
  else           rlDebugPrintfState = 1;
  return 0;
}

rlSetSigtermHandler()

void rlSetSigtermHandler	(	void(*)(void *arg)	handler,
		void *	arg
	)

  set signal handler for signal SIGTERM

Definition at line 267 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  rlsigtermarg = arg;
  rlUserSigtermHandler = handler;
  signal(SIGTERM,rlSigtermHandler);
}

rlsnprintf()

int rlsnprintf	(	char *	text,
		int	len,
		const char *	format,
			...
	)

  like snprintf but portable

Definition at line 231 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int ret;

  va_list ap;
  va_start(ap,format);
#ifdef RLWIN32
  ret = _vsnprintf(text, len, format, ap);
#endif
#ifdef __VMS
  static char vms_is_deprecated[rl_PRINTF_LENGTH];
  ret = vsprintf(vms_is_deprecated, format, ap);
  rlstrncpy(text,vms_is_deprecated,len);
#endif
#ifdef RLUNIX
  ret = vsnprintf(text, len, format, ap);
#endif
  va_end(ap);
  return ret;
}

rlStartsWith()

int rlStartsWith	(	const char *	str,
		const char *	startstr
	)

test if str starts with startstr

Definition at line 749 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int ret;
  if(str == NULL || startstr == NULL) return 0;
  ret = strncmp(str,startstr,strlen(startstr));
  if(ret == 0) return 1;
  return 0;
}

rlStat()

int rlStat	(	const char *	filepath,
		struct stat *	buf
	)

same as stat

Definition at line 804 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  return stat(filepath, buf);
}

rlstrlinecpy()

char* rlstrlinecpy	(	char *	dest,
		const char *	source,
		int	n
	)

  strncpy + terminate with '\0'
  terminates on '\n' or '\0'
  '\n' is not copied

Definition at line 182 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int i;

  for(i=0; i<n; i++)
  {
    if(source[i] == '\0') break;
    if(source[i] == '\n') break;
    dest[i] = source[i];
  }
  dest[i] = '\0';
  return dest;
}

rlStrMatch()

int rlStrMatch	(	const char *	str,
		const char *	wild
	)

test if str matches with wild

Definition at line 769 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  if(strstr(str,wild) != NULL) return 1;
  int i,w;

  w = 0;
  for(i=0; str[i] != '\0'; i++)
  {
    if(wild[w] == '*')
    {
      while(wild[w] == '*') w++;
      if(wild[w] == '\0') return 1;
try_next:      
      if(wild[w]    == '\0') return 0;
      while(str[i] != wild[w] && str[i] != '\0') i++;
      if(str[i]     == '\0') return 0;
      while(str[i] != '\0')
      {
        if(str[i] != wild[w]) goto try_next;
        i++;
        w++;
        if(str[i] == '\0' && wild[w] == '\0') return 1;
      }
      if(wild[w] != '\0') return 0;
      return 1;
    }
    else
    {
      if(str[i] != wild[w]) return 0;
    }
    w++;
  }
  return 1;
}

rlstrncpy()

char* rlstrncpy	(	char *	dest,
		const char *	source,
		int	n
	)

  strncpy + terminate with '\0'

Definition at line 169 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int i;

  for(i=0; i<n; i++)
  {
    if(source[i] == '\0') break;
    dest[i] = source[i];
  }
  dest[i] = '\0';
  return dest;
}

rlSubmitPvserver()

int rlSubmitPvserver	(	const char *	env,
		const char *	path,
		const char *	pvs,
		const char *	options = NULL
	)

Submit a pvserver
Example:
rlSubmitPvserver("HOME","/temp/murx","pvs","-exit_on_bind_error -exit_after_last_client_terminates");

Definition at line 567 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  if(env == NULL || path == NULL || pvs == NULL) return -1;
  rlString command,cd;
  const char *cptr;

#ifdef __VMS
  cptr     = env;
  cd       = cptr;
  cd      += path;
  command  = "spawn/nowait ";
  command += cd;
  command += pvs;
  command += " ";
  if(options != NULL) command += options;
  command += " -cd=";
  command += cd;
#else
  cptr = getenv(env);
  if(cptr == NULL) { printf("rlSubmitPvserver:ERROR env=%s is not set\n", env); return -2; }
  cd      += cptr;
  cd      += path;
  command  = "\"";
  command += cd;
#ifdef RLWIN32  
  command += "\\";
#else
  command += "/";
#endif
  command += pvs;
  command += "\" ";
  if(options != NULL) command += options;
  command += " \"-cd=";
  command += cd;
  command += "\"";
#endif

#ifdef RLUNIX
  command += " &";
#endif

  //printf("command=%s\n", command.text());
  return rlsystem(command.text());
  //example: rlSubmitPvserver("HOME","/temp/murx","pvs","-exit_on_bind_error -exit_after_last_client_terminates");
}

rlSwapShort()

int rlSwapShort

(

int

val

)

swaps bytes

Definition at line 375 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  return (val & 0x0ff)*256 + val/256;
}

rlsystem()

int rlsystem

(

const char *

command

)

Call system(command)

Definition at line 558 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
#ifdef RLWIN32
   return mysystem(command);
#else
  return system(command);
#endif
}

rlTextOption()

const char* rlTextOption	(	const char *	string,
		const char *	option,
		const char *	_default
	)

Get option from string

Definition at line 670 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int i = 0;
  const char *cptr;
  char quote;
  static char ret[rl_PRINTF_LENGTH];

  cptr = strstr(string,option);
  if(cptr == NULL) return def;

  cptr = strstr(cptr,"=");
  if(cptr == NULL) return def;

  cptr++;
  quote = *cptr;
  cptr++;
  while(i < ((int) sizeof(ret)-1))
  {
    if(cptr[i] == quote || cptr[i] == '\0') break;
    ret[i] = cptr[i];
    i++;
  }
  ret[i] = '\0';
  return ret;
}

rlupper()

int rlupper

(

char *

str

)

convert str to upper case

Definition at line 727 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  if(str == NULL) return -1;
  while(*str != '\0')
  {
    *str = toupper(*str);
    str++;
  }
  return 0;
}

rlvsnprintf()

int rlvsnprintf	(	char *	text,
		int	len,
		const char *	format,
		va_list	ap
	)

  like vsnprintf but portable

Definition at line 197 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  int ret;

#ifdef RLWIN32
  if(format == NULL || format[0] == '\0')
  {
    text[0] = '\0';
    return 1;
  }
  ret = _vsnprintf(text, len, format, ap);
#endif
#ifdef __VMS
  static char vms_is_deprecated[rl_PRINTF_LENGTH];
  if(format == NULL || format[0] == '\0')
  {
    text[0] = '\0';
    return 1;
  }
  ret = vsprintf(vms_is_deprecated, format, ap);
  rlstrncpy(text,vms_is_deprecated,len);
#endif
#ifdef RLUNIX
  if(format == NULL || format[0] == '\0')
  {
    text[0] = '\0';
    return 1;
  }
  ret = vsnprintf(text, len, format, ap);
#endif
  return ret;
}

rlWriteFile()

int rlWriteFile	(	const char *	filename,
		void *	data,
		int	len
	)

write data to file
return := number of bytes written | -1

Definition at line 821 of file rlcutil.cpp.

{
  FILE *fout = fopen(filename,"w"); 
  if(fout == NULL) 
  {
    printf("ERROR: rlWriteFile() could not write to %s\n", filename);
    return -1;
  }  
  int ret = fwrite(data,1,len,fout);
  fclose(fout);
  return ret;
}